On a day
Richardson and associates were cleared, the
muni-bond scandal has gone European!
Aug. 27 (Bloomberg) -- In June 2005, Milan’s city council voted to hire four banks to arrange Europe’s biggest-ever municipal bond sale at a fee of just 0.01 percent. That minuscule cost puzzled one councilman.
“I had a hunch something was wrong,” says Basilio Rizzo, one of 14 politicians on the 60-member council who tried to change the deal after becoming suspicious of the banks’ motives. “Banks can’t do things for free.”
Rizzo was onto something. Depfa Bank Plc, now a unit of Hypo Real Estate Holding AG; Deutsche Bank AG; JPMorgan Chase & Co.; and UBS AG charged Milan 168,532 euros ($239,189) to find investors for 1.69 billion euros of bonds -- the promised 0.01 percent. That wasn’t all.
As part of the deal, the same four banks were hired by the city to advise it on how to use the new bonds to restructure its existing debt in a way that would cut costs.The banks had two pieces of advice for Milan: First, the city could save money by buying interest-rate swaps, which are derivatives designed to keep monthly payments low as rates change. Second, the institutions best prepared to sell them those swaps were none other than the banks themselves.
The four banks thus play four roles -- as underwriters, advisers, swap dealers and counterparties in the derivative contracts.
Undisclosed Fees
The group of banks wrote in a June 3, 2005, letter that the bond issue would save Milan about 55 million euros over the 30- year life of the bonds.The firms never said what their fees on the swaps would be, public records show. Today, Milan faces so-called mark-to-market losses of 231 million euros on its swaps, according to council member Davide Corritore.
In all, the city’s losses include at least 101 million euros in hidden fees, according to Milan prosecutor Alfredo Robledo, who’s investigating the swap deals. The fees were buried because they were built into swap interest rates without any written explanation, the prosecutor says.
That 101 million euro price tag for Milan’s dealings with the four banks was 599 times the original figure of 0.01 percent for selling bonds and providing advice.Without seeking competitive bids, the city agreed on June 16, 2005, to let the four banks sell them swap contracts. Neither the new swap rates nor the costs associated with them had been part of the original vote by the city council.
Seeking Indictment
Robledo said in July he would ask Milan judges to indict Depfa, Deutsche Bank, JPMorgan, UBS and 14 individuals, including two city officials, on fraud charges in connection with the swap deals.He said the banks were bound by U.K. securities rules because their London-based bankers managed the transaction, which was signed in London. The banks violated regulations by failing to inform Milan in writing that for the swap deal the city was no longer a customer, but a counterparty to the banks, Robledo said.
For the Record UBS and Chase bank have been involved in numerous sketchy deals here in the United States and with the most damage in Jefferson County Alabama, so how does the fee scam work:

Step 1:Issuer sells Millions in Municipal Bonds to finance civic improvements
Step2 :Financial firms make millions in fees from bonds Sales (Some have secret agreements to make more from investment gains and insurance)
Step 3: Cities buy back bonds from investors, citizens get nothing.
Step 4: IRS says the agreement cheats taxpayers, demands a tax penalty to keep the bonds tax exempt.
Remember the Key is and always has been the fees collected on the deals. As describe in Broken Promises:
The arrangements -- often called black box deals, because they're complicated and mysterious -- sometimes contain secret agreements that promise to pay the financial middlemen higher fees if none of the money from the bond offerings is used to help the public. The agencies that issue the bonds buy them back from investors. The money goes untapped, and the advisers keep their fees.
Black Box Deals
Pay for play is something of a misnomer regarding the various Municipal Bond Scandals that have cheated the US tax payers out of 100 million dollars, undermined trust in the Bond market, and left whole communities, especially low income areas devastated. In reality they are known as black box deals. Black Box deals earned the name from being opaque in nature an designed to enrich the people who put the deals together. The schemes revolve around the raising of Municipal Bonds for local governments to finance various improvements(low income Housing, computers for schools, etc..). In regards to the scandals that have swirled around various "deals" that have been in the news lately, three key players were involved, Anchor National , which was a subsidiary of AIG, CDR Financial Products who actually put the deals together, and JP Morgan Chase which would underwrite the whole affair. A 4th player would be local government in whose name the municipal bonds would be floated. A central part of these deals was that local government would forfeit financial decisions on the dispersion of the cash to the three companies, a fatal error as it would turn out. For the companies would come to an understanding that the less money spent, the more money they could make. Leading to communities who would get their hopes up over new improvements funded by bonds floated in their name, only to see not a dime spent but millions made by AIG, CDR and JP Morgan Chase. It all came down to charging fees to carry out the deals:
``Black box deals, pooled deals, blind pools -- people call them lots of things,'' says Sherman Golden, an Atlanta-based bond lawyer, who says he experienced one of these deals firsthand when he was a municipal official. He says he's seen too many schemes that benefited banks and other promoters at the expense of taxpayers. ``The motivation is always the same: the fees,'' he says.
In New Mexico we have this:
UBS was among the four banks that split more than $5.1 million of fees for lining up buyers for the finance authority’s bonds sold in 2004, and one of five that sold the agency derivatives, bond and authority records show. According to filings with securities regulators, DuVal & Associates was paid $10,000 a month to find business for UBS in 10 states, including New Mexico.
This is just one example, in short many of the abuses that occurred in America involving the muni-bond scandal were brought over to Europe by many of the same players.